Dairy products

Food, Animal source foods

Availability: Earth

Introduction

Dairy products, commonly known as lactose-based foods, are derived from the milk of various animals, including cows, water buffalo, goats, and sheep. These include staples such as yogurt, cheese, milk, butter, and cream, and are widely consumed across the globe, forming an essential part of many culinary traditions.

Most dairy production takes place in dairies — specialized facilities where milk is transformed through processes like fermentation and coagulation. These foods also serve as key ingredients in numerous processed products, adding richness and depth to a broad range of culinary preparations.

The consumption of dairy varies greatly across cultures and regions. Some populations rely heavily on dairy in their diets, while others limit or avoid it altogether. The reasons for this can vary: some people suffer from lactose intolerance, a condition that makes it difficult to digest lactose, the natural sugar found in milk; others choose to avoid dairy for health or dietary reasons.

In response to this shift in demand, the market has seen a rise in plant-based alternatives to dairy, such as almond milk, soy milk, oat milk, and vegan cheese. Furthermore, the growing interest in veganism has led to a greater consumption of animal-free products, aligned with a lifestyle that rejects animal exploitation. At the same time, concerns about the environmental impact of dairy production — especially in terms of greenhouse gas emissions and the use of natural resources — have driven efforts to find more sustainable options.

Classification of dairy products

Dairy products are categorized into:

• Butter
• Buttermilk
• Cheese
• Cream
• Yogurt
• Milk
• Whey